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Two dukes, two victories: The military legacy of the House of Alba.
The Casa de Alba has not only been a protagonist in the history of Spain through culture, diplomacy or patronage. It has also played a key role in some of Europe's most decisive military episodes. Since the 19th century, this noble house has been structured in two main branches, whose roots represent two essential figures: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, and James Fitz-James Stuart, 1st Duke of Berwick.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo and the imperial victory at Mühlberg.
Known as the “Grand Duke of Alba”, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo was one of the most prominent military figures of the 16th century. Born in 1507, he faithfully served Emperor Charles V and later Philip II, becoming a symbol of Habsburg imperial power.
His moment of greatest glory came on April 24, 1547, when he led the imperial troops in the Battle of Mühlberg, in the context of the religious wars of the Holy Roman Empire. There, in the face of the forces of Smalkaldic League, achieved a decisive victory that reinforced Catholic rule in Flanders and consolidated the authority of Charles V.
Beyond the battlefield, the Duke of Alba became a myth, feared and respected equally, and his figure has transcended as one of the great strategists of the European Renaissance.
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart: the marshal who changed the course of Spain.
Almost two centuries later, Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart would become the most prominent representative of the Berwick branch of the House of Alba. The natural son of King James II of England and first Duke of Berwick, a French-trained soldier, his destiny would intersect with that of the Bourbon monarchy during the War of the Spanish Succession.
El April 25, 1707, as marshal of the Bourbon army, Fitz-James Stuart led the offensive in the Battle of Almansa. His impeccable tactics and command skills were key to achieving victory against the Austracist forces, thus securing the Spanish throne for Philip V, the first Bourbon to reign in Spain.
The victory at Almansa marked a turning point in the war and sealed the loyalty of the Berwick branch to the new dynasty. From then on, the Fitz-James Stuart lineage was consolidated as an essential part of the House of Alba, providing a military legacy of unquestionable value.
Two branches, a shared legacy
Through these two men, the House of Alba is part of the history of Europe not only as a noble institution of influence, but as a direct protagonist of great military decisions that defined the course of entire nations.
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo and Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart are the reflection of two eras, two branches, and the same spirit of leadership and service. Two dukes who, with sword and strategy, left their indelible mark on history.